今天我们好奇学习下亚马逊的管理团队组织架构，从公开财报我们知道亚马逊作为一个上市公司，有董事会（Board of Directors），高管团队（Executives）以及神秘的 S-Team，这三者是如何定位、协作，驾驶和发展全球150万员工以及2万亿美金市值的大船？！
亚马逊业务部门和职能部门
亚马逊的主要收入来源是向客户销售各种产品和服务,主要来自线上线下零售业务和AWS云服务；亚马逊在2023年年报第55-56页披露了以下六大产品或服务的收入:
- 零售业务(1) - 我们通过在线(1.1)和实体(1.2)商店向消费者提供产品。收入在货物控制权转移给客户时确认,通常发生在我们将货物交付给第三方承运商或亚马逊自有配送时交付给客户。
- 第三方卖家服务(2) - 我们为卖家提供在我们商店销售产品的项目,并使用我们的服务履行订单。在这些交易中我们不是记录在案的卖家。我们从这些安排中赚取的佣金以及任何相关的履行和运费收入在服务提供时确认,通常发生在相关产品交付给第三方承运商或亚马逊自有配送时交付给客户。
- 广告服务(3) - 我们通过赞助广告、展示广告和视频广告等项目,为卖家、供应商、出版商、作者和其他人提供广告服务。收入根据点击次数或曝光次数在广告投放时确认。
- 订阅服务(4) - 我们的订阅销售包括与亚马逊Prime会员和获取数字视频、有声读物、数字音乐、电子书及其他非AWS订阅服务内容相关的费用。Prime会员资格为客户提供一套不断升级的福利,代表一项单一的备用义务。订阅费在交付服务时或之前支付。此类安排的收入在订阅期内确认。
- AWS(5) - 我们的AWS安排包括全球计算、存储、数据库和其他服务的销售。收入根据单独销售价格分配给各项服务,主要在客户使用这些服务时根据所提供的服务数量(如按需交付的计算或存储容量)确认。某些服务(包括计算和数据库)也以固定数量在特定期限内提供,收入在此期限内按比例确认。与超过一年的合同相关的销售佣金将被资本化,并在合同期限内摊销。
- 其他(6) - 其他收入包括与各种其他产品相关的销售,如某些视频内容的许可和分销、医疗保健服务和运输服务,以及我们的联营信用卡协议。收入在内容获得许可或分销时,以及在服务履行时确认。
除了业务部门之外，还有 CSO，CFO，HR，合规法务等职能部门，亚马逊在全球开展业务，也深刻理解不同地区的用户偏好不一样，因此这些业务部门也会按地区进行拆分；因此，亚马逊的组织结构也是分层的，各业务单元相对独立运营，按照功能和地理区域进行划分，亚马逊期望面向客户如创业公司一样敏捷创新和快速迭代，亚马逊通过董事会，高管团队以及 S-Team 组成了一个既有职能又又层级的混合方式独特管理团队结构；
董事会
截止 2024年1月24日，亚马逊董事会成员包括12名董事成员，除了 Jassy 和 Bezos 之外都是来自企业和学校的董事，代表股东利益，监督公司运营，但不参与日常运营，负责任命和解雇 CEO 等重大决策；通常董事会成员由股东选出和委任；
高管团队
高管（Executives）团队包括公司 CEO，CFO 等角色负责公司日常运营和管理，执行董事会和 S-Team 制定的战略。高管团队成员是流动的，一些高管同时是 S-Team 成员或懂事会成员，确保 S-Team 团队做出的战略决策与董事会对公司的整体愿景保持一致；亚马逊高管团队人数少于董事会，基于经验和能力的选择；
S-Team （Senior Leadership Team）
亚马逊的高级管理团队（Senior Leadership Team），简称 S-Team，负责制定目标和战略、塑造公司文化以及处理危机，S-Team 成员通常在亚马逊任职多年，来自各核心业务部门比如 AWS，全球商店业务等；S-Team 成员由 CEO 直接任命；
2024年11月，亚马逊官网更新了最新的 29人 S-Team 高级管理团队小组成员；S-Team 定期跟 CEO 开会，商讨和制定公司重大决策。S-Team 是亚马逊特有的管理组织，旨在降低层级，保持敏捷和创新，是传统董事会和高管团队之外的补充和延伸；
从上图中，我们看到 S-Team 成员来自全球亚马逊商店（WW Amazon Stores）即原本的全球消费者业务和 AWS 云计算两大业务单元的成员最多，分别为8人和7人，除了这两大核心业务之外，对于未来有重大影响的自动驾驶 Zoox 和 AGI 也首次被提名到 S-Team，我们接下来了解下这几块业务和管理层；
亚马逊全球商店业务（Worldwide Amazon Stores）CEO - Doug Herrington
亚马逊全球商店业务（Worldwide Amazon Stores）原本被称为全球消费者业务，是亚马逊公司的一个核心业务部门，负责管理和运营亚马逊的全球电子商务平台。
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Today we’re going to explore Amazon’s management team organizational structure. From public financial reports, we know that Amazon, as a public company, has a Board of Directors, an Executive team, and the mysterious S-Team. How do these three entities position themselves, collaborate, and steer the development of a global company with 1.5 million employees and a $2 trillion market value?
Amazon’s Business Units and Functional Departments
Amazon’s main revenue comes from selling various products and services to customers, primarily from online and offline retail businesses and AWS cloud services. Amazon disclosed the following six major product or service revenues on pages 55-56 of its 2023 annual report:
- Retail business (1) - We offer products to consumers through online (1.1) and physical (1.2) stores. Revenue is recognized when control of goods transfers to customers, typically occurring when we deliver goods to third-party carriers or directly to customers via Amazon’s own delivery services.
- Third-party seller services (2) - We provide sellers with the ability to sell products in our stores and use our services to fulfill orders. In these transactions, we are not the seller of record. Commissions earned from these arrangements and any related fulfillment and shipping fee revenue are recognized when the service is provided, typically when the related product is delivered to a third-party carrier or directly to customers via Amazon’s own delivery services.
- Advertising services (3) - We provide advertising services to sellers, vendors, publishers, authors, and others through programs such as sponsored ads, display ads, and video ads. Revenue is recognized when ads are delivered based on the number of clicks or impressions.
- Subscription services (4) - Our subscription sales include fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships and access to digital video, audiobooks, digital music, e-books, and other non-AWS subscription service content. Prime membership provides customers with a continually upgrading set of benefits and represents a single stand-ready obligation. Subscription fees are paid in advance of or during the delivery of services. Revenue from such arrangements is recognized over the subscription period.
- AWS (5) - Our AWS arrangements include global sales of compute, storage, database, and other services. Revenue is allocated to each service based on its standalone selling price and primarily recognized when customers use these services based on the quantity of services rendered (such as compute or storage capacity delivered on demand). Some services (including compute and database) are also offered for a fixed quantity over a specified term, with revenue recognized proportionally over this term. Sales commissions associated with contracts longer than one year are capitalized and amortized over the contract term.
- Other (6) - Other revenue includes sales related to various other products, such as certain licensing and distribution of video content, healthcare services, and transportation services, as well as our co-branded credit card agreements. Revenue is recognized when content is licensed or distributed, and when services are fulfilled.
In addition to business units, there are also functional departments such as CSO, CFO, HR, compliance and legal, etc. Amazon conducts business globally and deeply understands that user preferences vary by region, so these business units are also divided by region. Therefore, Amazon’s organizational structure is layered, with various business units operating relatively independently, divided by function and geographic region. Amazon expects to be as agile and innovative as startups when facing customers, with rapid iteration. Amazon has formed a unique management team structure that is both functional and hierarchical through its Board of Directors, Executive team, and S-Team.
Board of Directors
As of January 24, 2024, Amazon’s Board of Directors includes 12 members. Apart from Jassy and Bezos, all are directors from corporations and academic institutions who represent shareholder interests, oversee company operations, but do not participate in day-to-day operations. They are responsible for major decisions such as appointing and dismissing the CEO. Board members are typically elected and appointed by shareholders.
Executive Team
The Executive team includes roles such as CEO, CFO, etc., who are responsible for the company’s daily operations and management, executing strategies formulated by the Board and S-Team. Executive team membership is fluid, with some executives simultaneously serving as S-Team members or Board members, ensuring that strategic decisions made by the S-Team align with the Board’s overall vision for the company. Amazon’s Executive team has fewer members than the Board, selected based on experience and capability.
S-Team (Senior Leadership Team)
Amazon’s Senior Leadership Team, known as S-Team, is responsible for setting goals and strategies, shaping company culture, and handling crises. S-Team members typically have worked at Amazon for many years and come from core business units such as AWS, global store operations, etc. S-Team members are directly appointed by the CEO.
In November 2024, Amazon’s official website updated the latest 29-member S-Team. The S-Team meets regularly with the CEO to discuss and formulate major company decisions. The S-Team is a management organization unique to Amazon, designed to reduce hierarchical layers and maintain agility and innovation, serving as a supplement and extension beyond the traditional Board and Executive team.
From the image above, we can see that S-Team members primarily come from Worldwide Amazon Stores (formerly the global consumer business) and AWS cloud computing, with 8 and 7 members respectively. Besides these two core businesses, Zoox (autonomous driving) and AGI, which have significant future impact, have also been nominated to the S-Team for the first time. Let’s learn more about these business units and management teams.
Worldwide Amazon Stores CEO - Doug Herrington
Worldwide Amazon Stores, formerly known as the global consumer business, is a core business unit of Amazon responsible for managing and operating Amazon’s global e-commerce platform.
